Nativity Fast begins (old date)
1 December 2021
Note: The inclusion of this event in the online calendar is for educational purposes, and solely to remind the faithful of the mercy of our Lord as shown through the Holy Synod in granting us a shortened fasting period. Please follow the fasting period as per Patriarchal Encyclicals and guidance from one's spiritual father.Although mandatory fasting for the Nativity lasts from December 15-24, during these first 2 weeks consider making positive spiritual changes, increasing frequency of prayer, reading scripture and meditating on the importance of the season of Annunciation in the economy of our salvation.
The Christmas fast used to last for 40 days as recorded in the Hudaya Canon of Mor Gregorios Yuhannon bar'Ebroyo (some ascetics still continue this practice). However, the Church later shortened the period to 25 days. Finally, in 1946 & pursuant to a decision taken by the Council held in Homs; on December 7th 1946 the thrice blessed late Patriarch HH Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum of blessed memory limited the Nativity Fast to 10 days starting on December 15th & ending on Christmas Day (Hido d'yaldo d'Moran), December 25th. Out of piety, it is common for the faithful of Malankara to begin their fast on December 1st even to this day.
During this fast, the Takrit/Eastern rite (ie the traditions of the Syriac Orthodox Church in Iraq and other parts of the erstwhile Maphrianate) has a special set of prayers. The thrice blessed late Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum writes in his book 'Scattered Pearls', "This rite also includes a medium-sized book containing eight services of the Christmas fasting, known to Easterners as the subbara, i.e., the Annunciation of the Nativity of the Lord Christ. These services are usually repeated three times." These prayers were recited during the weekdays of the Nativity fast, in lieu of the Sh'himo. Although developed in Iraq, the late Patriarch found copies in Mardin, Tur Abdin, and Jerusalem. Copies of this service also made its way to India, and was published as part of the Pampakuda Phanqitho.
May our Lord & Savior Jesus Christ abundantly bless all the faithful who wholeheartedly keep the fast. As we look forward to the commemoration of Christ's Nativity on Christmas Day, let's not forget to keep 'Christ' in Christmas; not by simply uttering the phrase but by following what Christ would want us to do.
Malankara World Special Supplement for the Nativity Fast: https://goo.gl/f7bsJW
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Porphyrus of Antioch
Patriarch of Antioch Mor Porphyros
BL14504
Prophet Nahum
St. Peter the Iberian
In hagiography: Peter the Iberian was the son of the king of Georgia. He went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and became a monk. He became Bishop of Maiuma in Gaza and was exiled to Egypt in 455.
RSoH
Mor Shabor and Mor Aphroth, Akapparampu
2 December 2021
December 2nd is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Sabor & St. Aphroth according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Sabor & Mor Aphroth are believed to be two saintly men who came to Malankara to preach the Gospel. The two were most likely from Dayro d-Mor Mattai Nineveh. They came along with a group of Syriac Christian immigrants lead by a merchant named Maruvan Sapir Iso. They are said to have disembarked at Quilon (Kollam) in c. 822. They were preachers of the Gospel & it is believed that both were bishops. They established churches in Quilon, Kayankulam, Udayamperoor, Kadamattom & Akaparambu. According to one tradition, the Malayalam Calendar era (Kolla Varsham) started with these holy fathers who settled at Kollam in AD 825.
While not much is knows about the two, for the faithful in Malankara they are saintly figures who built many churches in Malankara. Both Mor Sabor & Mor Aphroth are named after Syriac martyr saints who lived in Persia during the early centuries of Christianity. To honour the memory of these martyrs, the visitors to Malankara built churches in the name of these Persian martyrs. This is corroborated by the records of the decisions of the 'Synod of Diamper' (Udayamperoor).
Mor Sabor is believed to have been based at Quilon & Mor Aphroth at Udayamperoor. Some accounts suggest that Mor Aphroth was based at Kodungalloor. Mor Aphroth is believed to have been instrumental in the conversion of the royal family of Udayamperoor to Christianity. It is believed that the Villarvattom royal family, perhaps the only Christian royal family in Kerala was an offshoot of this conversion.
The records of the Thareesa church at Quilon indicate that the church was established by Sapor Esho. Historians suggest that the records refer to Maruvan Sapir Iso, the merchant leader of the immigrant group, or Mor Sabor or perhaps both. The Tharisappalli Copper Plates are a set of grants by the King. The inscription describes the gift of a plot of land to the Syriac Orthodox Church at Tangasseri near Quilon (now known as Kollam), along with several rights & privileges to the Syriac Christians led by Maruvan Sapir Iso. The word 'Tharissa' is a corruption of the Syriac word 'treeysath' meaning 'Orthodox'.
There is a rock cross at Kadamattom St. George Syriac Orthodox Church built by Mor Sabor. The Phalavi (Persian) inscription on the cross is translated as follows, "I have come to this nation from Nineveh as a bird. Mar Sapor writes, the forgiving Messiah who saved me from persecution".
The Udayamperoor Synod (illegal Synod forcefully convened by the Portuguese colonialists in a bid to force the Syriac Orthodox Church of Malankara to be subject to Rome) in the mistaken belief that Mor Sabor & Mor Aphroth were Nestorians removed their names from the list of the holy ones & changed the churches named after them to the 'Church of All Saints.' (19th canon of the Synod). Although the Akaparambu church was represented at the Udayamperoor Synod, it did not acknowledge the decisions of the Synod & retained its name. The other churches are called the 'Church of the Qadishangal' (Qadishangal being a corruption of the Syriac word for the Holy Ones, Qadishé). Today, Kollam Qadisha Church, Kayankulam Qadisha Church, Kadamattom Church & most famous of all Mor Sabor-Mor Aphroth Church Akaparambu stand as testament to the evangelization of these saintly Syriac fathers. The Syriac Orthodox faithful of Malankara continue to venerate & commemorate the dukhrono of these 2 Holy Fathers every year. None of the other Kerala Christian communities do so.
Oh Mor Sabor and Mor Aphroth! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/Sts.%20Shabor%20&%20Aphrohot.htm
Lecture Series - Malankara Church & it's relation with the Persian Church (courtesy Hymonutho): https://bit.ly/3b2jY8a
Patriarch George I +790
Mor George Patriarch of Antioch (758-790) is one of the most famous patriarchs of Antioch, distinguished in his age for his knowledge, understanding, literary productions and sober opinions. Moreover, he was amiable, humble and patient in overcoming hardships.
He was born at B'altan near josya in the province of Homs, and studied and mastered Syriac and Greek as well as philology, theology and jurisprudence at Qinnesrin. There he was ordained a deacon and led an ascetic and pious life. He also corresponded with Theodore, bishop of Samosata, who predicted that God would entrust him with a high position in his church.
Theodore also encouraged him to be faithful to his monastery. As George was, beside his outstanding learning, a man of virtue and noble character, he was chosen by the Holy Council to ascend the Apostolic See of Antioch. He was consecrated a patriarch in 758. Soon after his consecration, he had to put up with envious and malignant bishops like john, bishop of Callinicus (Al-Raqqa) and David, bishop of Dara and others, assisted by a wicked and intriguing monk who yielded to them.
Consequently, both John and David usurped the See of Antioch. In 766 he suffered in prison, went to Baghdad and for nine years he and other captives had to bear with patience the injustice of Abu Ja'far al-Mansour, the stingy and greedy Abbasid Caliph. Although al-Mansour was aware of the innocence of the patriarch, he hoped that he would discover golden treasures through false achieved knowledge. With him was also imprisoned the patriarch of the Malkites and the Nestorian Catholicos. They were all released after the death of Abu Ja'far in 775. He was honored and received by the Church as if he were an angel descending from heaven. Immediately, he began gathering scattered flocks and repairing the damage which had befallen the church. He journeyed to Antioch where, in the same year, he ordained ten bishops. In 785, he held a synod at Kfar Nabu near Sarug, in which he enacted twenty-two canons, preceded by a universal letter. He administered the Church wisely until his death on the first of December, 790. He was buried in the Monastery of Mor Barsoum in Melitene and is commemorated by the Church on the seventh day of the same month.
Mor George wrote an eloquent commentary in two volumes on the Gospel ofSt. Matthew, in which he cited Ignatius, Africanus, Eusebius of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, Chrysostom, Jacob of Sarug, Philoxenus of Mabug, Severus of Antioch and George, bishop of the Arabs. There is one old copy extant of this commentary, in almost 500 pages, written on vellum and imperfect from the beginning until chapter forty-seven. Also written by him was a distinguished letter, mentioned by Michael the Great, addressed to Gauriya, the deacon of Beth Na'ar, a village in Lebanon, on the phrase, "we break the heavenly bread. "
He wrote poetry, characterized by clarity and charm. During his imprisonment, he composed beautiful hymns and metrical discourses, some of which, as we believe, were added to the Church services. Of these hymns, we found one to the tune of "Rise up, O. Paul," in which he laments his condition. It goes on "Qum Phaulos" tune, starts like this: "May it do me much good, if I am informed that Babylon, city of the giants, has fallen and that the gates of prisons have been opened in order to go out victorious like Peter,? and like Zachariah sing with delight: 'Behold, the sun shines over the blind from on high'. O, daughters of Zion, weep for Daniel, and 0, monasteries weep for George."
Prophet Habakkuk
Carpus of Shawaur
3 December 2021
In hagiography: Carpus (Qarpos) was the bishop of Shawaur who was martyred by the Persians; his relics were placed inside a church in Ṭur ʿAbdin that was built by Saliba, the father of Samuel of Qartmin.
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Athanasius Touma Dakkama
H.E. Mor Athanasius Touma, Patriarchal-Vicariate of United Kingdom was consecrated on December 3rd by late HH Mor Ignatius Zakka I
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/SyriacOrthodox/bio_AthanasiusTouma.htm
Prophet Zephaniah
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna
December 3rd is the commemoration of St. Polycarp according to the liturgical calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Polycarp was the Bishop of Smyrna. His life began at the end of the first Christian century, & he became the disciple of St. John the Evangelist. With St. Clement of Rome & St. Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp is regarded as one of the three chief Apostolic Fathers.
After severe tortures & many threats, the saint wished to shed his blood for Christ's name. He commanded & taught his people to be steadfast in faith & told them that they would not see his face after that day. They wept & tried to hold him down to prevent him from leaving but they failed to stop him.He went and confessed the Lord Christ before the Governor who ordered to cut off his head after much torture; thus he received the crown of life. Some of the believers took his body, shrouded and buried it with great honor.
After severe tortures and many threats, the saint wished to shed his blood for Christ's name. He commanded and taught his people to be steadfast in faith and told them that they would not see his face after that day. They wept and tried to hold him down to prevent him from leaving but they failed to stop him.He went and confessed the Lord Christ before the Governor who ordered to cut off his head after much torture; thus he received the crown of life. Some of the believers took his body, shrouded and buried it with great honor.
Mort Barbara and Mort Yuliana, martyrs
4 December 2021
December 4th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Barbara & St. Juliana +303 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mort Barbara was born at Nicomedia in Bithynia, modern Isnik, Turkey. She was the daughter of King Dioscorus. Barbara was very beautiful, so her father kept her hidden in a tower. She would secretly leave the tower, changing her appearance with a costume & go out to pray with the Christians. Once Dioscorus went for a long journey. When he returned Barbara testified that she become a Christian. Dioscorus got angry with this & he wanted to kill her. However, Barbara escaped the attempt to kill her with a sword. She ran through the fields, as she passed by the wheat fields grew to hide her from her captors. The king wanted to give her in marriage to another pagan king. Barbara resisted the decision. He threatened Barbara & took her to Marcian, the chief of the town. These efforts did not succeed so he ordered for her to be brutally tortured in agonizing ways. She was later beheaded. Thus, St. Barbara attained the crown of martyrdom. On his way back after the beheading of his daughter, King Dioscorus was struck by lightning & died.
Mort Yuliana, a close friend of Barbara shared her persecutions. She watched St. Barbara while she was being tortured & wept for her. Juliana saw the Lord Christ strengthening & comforting St. Barbara; she was enlightened & believed in the Lord Christ. Juliana was also imprisoned then later executed by beheading. Thus St. Juliana attained the crown of martyrdom.
A monastery dedicated to the martyrs used to exist in the mountains Edessa. It we built in the 5th century. Faithful Syriacs especially seek their intercession during heavy thunder & lightning storms. On their feast day, Syriac children dress up in various costumes just like St. Barbara did, & they also eat a special wheat meal comprised of boiled wheat grains, pomegranate seeds, raisins, anise & sugar.
Biography adapted from, 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church'
Oh Mort Barbara & Mort Yuliana! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Malayalam biography: https://goo.gl/Kc4KX6
St. John the Solitary of Apamea
Paris 146
Birth of John the Baptist (mawlodeh d-yuhanon)
5 December 2021
The Sunday of the Birth of John the Baptist (had'bshabo d'mawlodhe d'yuhanon ma'amdono) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
St. John is the son of Zachariah the Priest, & Elizabeth (aunt of the blessed Virgin St. Mary). He is known as the 'blessed forerunner of his Master' who prepared the way for Christ. Our Lord & savior Himself testified: “Among those that are born of women, there is not a greater prophet than John, the Baptist” (Mathew 11:11; Luke 7:28). The essence of John’s preaching is: “Repent for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Mathew 3:2). He went throughout Judea & Jordan, baptizing those who confessed their sins. Mor Yuhanon is truly a model for Christian discipleship. His famous words, "He must increase, but I must decrease." (John 3:30) exemplify the the servant-master relationship with Christ that we as Christians are called to strive for.
Birthdays of saints are not usually celebrated in Syriac Orthodox Church, with a few exceptions. After St. Mary, John the Baptist is the only saint whose birth is celebrated in the Church calendar. The birth of John is one of the earliest feasts of the Church. The nativity of St. John the Baptist is celebrated in the Church because John was filled with the Holy Spirit in the womb of Elizabeth before birth (Luke 1:41).
This passage is important to us Christians because it lays a foundation of understanding of what God is doing in sending John the Baptist and then Jesus the Messiah within six months of each other. As we study the prophecies, we begin to get a glimmer of what God has in mind. John is the messenger of the covenant (Malachi 3:1) When the Angel Gabriel first appeared to Zechariah in the temple he announced that the child's role would be, "to make ready a people prepared for the Lord" (1:17). Later, when John the Baptist enters his ministry, he is asked who he is. His answer: "I am the voice of one calling in the desert, 'Make straight the way of the Lord.'" (John 1:23).
Reference: 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church' & 'The Importance of the Sundays Before Christmas'
The Holy Bible readings from the Church Lectionary:
Evening: St. Luke 1:57-80
Morning: St. Matthew 11:11-19
Before Holy Qurbono: Genesis 21:9-21 Exodus 2: 1-10 Ruth 4:13-22 Isaiah 62:1-12
Holy Qurbono: I John 4:1-10 Galatians 4: 18-30 St. Luke 1:57-80
For sermons/commentaries based on the Gospel: https://goo.gl/No4Amc
Tone of the Day: 6 (2 for alternate days of the week)
Hymns by HG Mor Aphrem Mathews: https://goo.gl/TQPPRW
Syriac Prayers: https://goo.gl/RTh7xw
Moshe bar Kepha Homily on the Birth of St. John the Baptist: http://bit.ly/KephaBaptist
St. Julian Saba
December 5th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Julian Saba according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Church tradition tells us that he was a teacher of St. Ephrem the Syrian. He is called "Father of the Monks"
In hagiography: Julian Saba lived near Edessa and practiced extreme asceticism. He had many disciples, and he fought against the Arians for the case of orthodoxy in Antioch.
His life has been preserved for us in Theodoret's History of the Monks of Syria, in a collection of Syriac poems attributed to St. Ephrem , and in a Syriac memra attributed to St. Jacob of Serugh
Oh Mor Youlyané! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen
St. Samuel the Confessor
Samuel of Qalamun from monastery of St. Macarius
Paris 146 and Vat. LXIX
St. Ambrose of Milan +397
6 December 2021
St. Nicholas of Myra +341
December 6th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Nicholas of Myra +341 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Nicholovos or better known by the Syriacs as Mor Zokhe, was the bishop of Myra. He was born at Patara in Lycia (in modern Turkey), a province of Asia Minor. It is recorded that as soon as he was born he stood up & glorified God. When he grew up he adopted the ascetic way of life, & went on a pilgrimage to Palestine to visit the holy places. He eventually became the bishop of Myra which was an Episcopal See under the jurisdiction of Holy See of Antioch. During the rule of emperor Diocletian, Nicholas faced great persecution, torture & imprisonment. He was finally freed by Constantine. Tradition states he was among the 318 holy fathers at the Council of Nicaea in 325AD.
St. Nicholas is the true personality behind the story of Santa Claus or Papa Noel, who leaves presents for children on Christmas Eve. In bestowing charity, Saint Nicholas always strove to do this secretly & conceal his good deeds. The most famous story tells of a poor man with 3 daughters. In those days a young woman's father had to offer prospective husbands something of value—a dowry. The larger the dowry, the better the chance that a young woman would find a good husband. Without a dowry, a woman was unlikely to marry. This poor man's daughters, without dowries, were therefore destined to be sold into slavery. Mysteriously, on three different occasions, a bag of gold appeared in their home, providing the needed dowry. On finding out it was Nicholas who provided them money, the man bowed down at his feet & paid him great homage & thanked him because he saved his daughters from poverty & from a life of sin. The saint refused to accept any thanks & asked them to thank the Lord who put this thought in his heart. The bags of gold, tossed through an open window, are said to have landed in stockings or shoes left before the fire to dry. This led to the custom of children hanging stockings or putting out shoes, eagerly awaiting gifts from Saint Nicholas. Over the centuries, his legend evolved into the custom of gift-giving on the saint’s feast. In the English-speaking countries, St. Nicholas became, by a twist of the tongue, Santa Claus—further expanding the example of generosity portrayed by this holy man.
The name of the great saint of God, the hierarch & wonder-worker Nicholas, a speedy helper & suppliant for all hastening to him, is famed in all the ends of the earth, in many lands & among many peoples. The great veneration with which this saint has been honored for many ages & the number of altars & churches which have been everywhere dedicated in his memory are testimonials to his saintliness. He is especially venerated in the Syriac Orthodox Church. We can even read in the Coptic Synaxarium (calendar of saints) that: "On this day, [Baramouda 15] the church commemorates the consecration of the first altar that was built by the Jacobite Christians (Syriac Orthodox), who were residing in the land of Egypt for St. Nicholas, bishop of Myra." Many Syriac Orthodox Churches have his relics, including churches in Malankara (India). After 40 years of episcopal service in service of God, St. Nicholas entered into eternal rest & was entombed in his own cathedral in Myra. On his feast day, Syriac children are greeted by St. Nicholas & they receive gifts from him as they sing hymns.
Oh Mor Zokhe! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/St.%20Nicholas.htm
H.E. Mor Selwanos Boutros AL-nemeh +2020
7 December 2021
December 7th is the anniversary of the demise of H.E. Mor Selwanos Boutros AL-nemeh.
Prior to his untimely repose, he was the Metropolitan of Homs & Hama in Syria.
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/SyriacOrthodox/bio_SilvanosPat.htm
Shabra
In hagiography: Shabra was a child saint commemorated near Midyat.
Sts. Sosthenes and Apollos
Among the 72 Evangelists, mentioned in the New Testament
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Athanasius Geevarghese
8 December 2021
H.E. Mor Athanasius Geevarghese, Metropolitan of Simhasana churches in South Kerala and Abbot of Mor Ignatius Dayro, was consecrated on December 8th 2002 by the thrice blessed late Patriarch H.H. Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas of blessed memory
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/MalankaraPrelates/bio_AthGeevarghese.htm
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Dionysius Geevarghese
H.E. Mor Dionysius Geevarghese, Abbot of Piramadom Dayro was consecrated on December 8th 2002 by late H.H. Mor Ignatius Zakka I.
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/MalankaraPrelates/bio_DioGeevarghese.htm
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Dioscorus Kuriakose
H.E. Mor Dioscorus Kuriakose, Metropolitan of the Simhasana Churches in North Kerala & Abbot of Malecuriz Dayro was consecrated on December 8 2002 by late H.H. Mor Ignatius Zakka I.
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/MalankaraPrelates/bio_DioKurikose.htm
Metropolitan Consecration of H.G. Mor Militheos Yuhanon
H.G. Mor Militheos Yuhanon, Metropolitan of Thumpamon Diocese & Patriarchal Vicar of Australia, New Zealand and Singapore, was consecrated on December 8th 2002 by late H.H. Mor Ignatius Zakka I.
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/MalankaraPrelates/bio_MilYuhanon.htm
Sts. Yuyakim and Hannah, parents of Virgin Mary
December 8th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of Sts. Joachim & Anne according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Yuyakim & Mort Hannah (Deena) are the parents of St. Mary the mother of God. They are both descendants of King David, additionally St. Anne comes from the priestly tribe of Levi & is a descendant of Aaron. They were both very pious & god fearing. Apocryphal texts & Church tradition tells us that Mort Hannah (who's name means blessed in Hebrew) was barren & even to her old age could not have a child. They prayed & fasted continuously for a child, making a vow that their child will be offered unto God. An angel appeared before Hannah & said, “God has seen your tears. The fruit of your womb will be called ‘the blessed’ throughout the world.”Joachim also received a similar command. God blessed them with a child, whom they named Mariam.
As St. Mary was born to her parents in their old age, at the age of 3 she was offered to the temple as fulfillment of their vow. This event was once a Feast in the Syriac Orthodox Church Liturgical Calendar being celebrated on November 21st annually. After offering Mariam to the temple Joachim died & he was entombed in Jerusalem. Soon Hannah also died & was entombed along with her husband. The prayer from the book of daily offices (Sh'himo) on Friday morning reads, ”Mary became an orphan, for her parents passed away. She was left for the priests to take care of her. They took her to Jerusalem according to the command of Moses to be brought up there."
St. Queen Helena built a Church over their tomb, which was later taken over & made into a madrassa (Islamic school) in the 9th century.
Oh Mor Yuyakim & Mort Hannah! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Daniel of Qartmin +633
9 December 2021
In hagiography: Daniel of Qartmin was a monk of Qartmin who was elected bishop of Qartmin.
Feast of Conception of St. Anne, mother of the Theotokos
HH Moran Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II Sattuf +1915
December 9th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of the thrice blessed late Patriarch HH Moran Mor Ignatius Abde d-Aloho II Sattuf +1915 of blessed memory.
Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II (in Arabic Abdullah II) was born in Mcluf tribe as son of Yac'ub in the village Sadad near Homs, Syria in 1833. He had an inclination for ascetic life from childhood & accepted monastic orders at Dayro d-Mor Marqos in Jerusalem.
In 1870, he toured the area of Tur `Abdin & recorded the names of villages, monasteries, churches, clergy & the families living in the area. He was consecrated bishop of Jerusalem in 1872 by Patriarch Peter IV & accompanied the Patriarch to England & India from 1874 to 1877. During the Malankara visit he participated in the Synod at Mulanthuruthy, attended the consecration of six bishops & the blessing of the Holy Chrism. After the return of Patriarch Peter IV from India, he stayed for two more years before going back to London where he secured a printing press for Deir al-Za`faran. After his return, Abded-Aloho served as the bishop of Syria & then of Amid. He paid a second visit to London, during which he attended sessions of the 1888 Lambeth Conference, & secured a second printing press.
Patriarch Abded-Mshiho II (Abdul Masih II) was deposed by the Holy Synod in 1903. (This deposition was well established and accepted by the Church in Malankara) Subsequently, Abded-Aloho was elected & consecrated Patriarch in 1906 with the name Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Abde d-Aloho II Sattuf (Abde d-Aloho means servant of God). A decree announcing this consecration was issued by Malankara Metropolitan Mor Dionysius V (Pulikkottil Joseph II) from Kunnamkulam church on 24 Chingam & was sent to all the churches in Malankara. Shortly after, Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II visited London for the third time. In London, he met King Edward VII twice. Incapacitated by old age, Mor Dionysius V requested Patriarch Abded Aloho II to consecrate new bishops for Malankara. (It is important to note that the deposed Abded Messih was still alive, so there is no contention in Malankara about who was the legitimate canonical Patriarch of Antioch). Rev. Raban Paulose Kochuparambil & Rev. Fr. Geevarghese Vattasseril were elected to be ordained bishops & sent to Jerusalem. They were consecrated & instituted with the titles Mor Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil & Mor Dionysius Geevarghese respectively on 31st May 1908. Along with the newly ordained bishops, the delegate of the Holy See of Antioch St. Osthathios Sleebo also returned to Malankara.
In 1909, Patriarch Abded Aloho decided to visit Malankara. Then Malankara Metropolitan Vattaseril Mor Dionysius & many Church leaders went to Bombay to receive him & to accompany him to Malankara. One of the two Rabans who came with the Patriarch was later appointed as Mor Yulios Elias Qoro, the delegate of the See of Antioch. In India, Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho consecrated St. Athanasius Paulose (Valiya Thirumeni) as Metropolitan for the diocese of Angamali on 9th June 1910 at Mor Sabor-Mor Aphroth Church Akaparambu. Patriarch Abded Aloho also established the Knanaya diocese. Mor Severios Geevarghese, the first bishop of the Knanaya community, was consecrated by the Patriarch on 28th August 1910 at Vadakara Church. Abded Aloho gave permission for the 'Malankara Jacobite Syrian Prayer book’ translated by Mathai Kassiso Konatt. In 1911 on the feast of Transfiguration, he conducted the sacrament of the blessing of the Holy Chrism at Mulanthuruthy Church.
It was during this time a major rift started in Malankara. Following the autocratic style of functioning & his disobedience of Church laws, Vattasseril Mor Dionysius the Malankara Metropolitan he was excommunicated. On 17 August 1911 the representatives of the Malankara Church met at Thrikunnath Seminary & Mor Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil was selected as Malankara metropolitan in the place of Mor Dionysius Vattasseril.
After his return from India in 1912, he stayed at Dayro d-Mor Marqos till his death in 1915 & he was entombed on the southern side of the Church at Dayro d-Mor Marqos. The Patriarch received a medal from King Edward, two medals from the Ottoman Sultan & medals from the Kings of Travancore & Cochin.
Biography courtesy of, 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church'
May the prayers of the late Patriarch HH Moran Mor Ignatius Abde d-Aloho II Sattuf be with us all. Amen.
St. Aggai of Edessa
Disciple of Mor Aday
Among the Seventy Two (72) Disciples
St. Patapius of Thebes
Intercession sought for dropsy
Menas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, of Alexandria
10 December 2021
The Holy Martyrs Menas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus suffered for their faith in Christ under the emperor Maximian (305-313).
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Gregorios Malke Ürek
H.E. Mor Gregorios Malke Ürek, Patriarchal Vicar of Adiyaman and Environs, Turkey was consecrated on December 10th 2006 by late HH Mor Ignatius Zakka I
http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/SyriacOrthodox/bio_GregoriosMalkeUrek.htm
Mor Behnam & Mort Sarah
December 10th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of martyrs St. Behnam, his sister St. Sarah and their 40 martyr companions (dukhrono sohde Mor Behnam u Mort Saro hotheh w arb'in sohde habrayhun) +388 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
The Zoroastrian King of Persia Sennaharib ruled Adiabene. He had two children, Prince Behnam & Princess Sarah. Prince Behnam was a strong warrior who was always accompanied by 40 armed servants, however Sarah was sadly afflicted by a severe form of leprosy.
One day prince Behnam went hunting in the wilderness with some of his servants. He saw a large animal & chased it, separating himself from the group. Night came & he slept alone in the wilderness. He had a dream that someone was telling him to look for a man named Matthew, who lived in that mountainous area, this Mathew would pray for his sister & she would be cured.
The next morning he set out to find his party, & together they searched for Mor Mattai. They found him in a cave within the mountains. Behnam told monk Mathew about his sister & the previous night's vision. He asked Mor Mattai to join him & return to the palace. There, Behnam informed his mother who allowed St. Mathew to see Sarah. Mor Mattai prayed over her, & she was miraculously cured of her disease. St. Mathew taught them about the Lord Jesus Christ & the reward of the Heavenly Kingdom. Hearing of the Gospel, Behnam & Sarah were baptized by Mor Mattai & accepted Christianity. St. Mathew returned to his cave soon afterward.
The King was delighted to see his daughter healed. Upon asking how this happened, St. Sarah told the king about Mor Mattai, & that they had accepted Christ as Lord. Sennaharib was furious & told them to renounce their Christian faith or face punishment; but the siblings refused. They fled at night in secret along with the companions who also accepted Christ. Sadly, the King found out & he ordered his army to chase them. The siblings & their companions were slaughtered. The hill upon which the group was standing caved in. Thus Mor Behnam, his sister Mort Sara & their 40 companions attained the crown of martyrdom.
The king was soon afflicted by the possession of an evil spirit which tormented him agonizingly. Behnam appeared to his mother in a dream & told her to get Mor Mattai. The queen, believing Mor Mattai to be capable of healing the king called for him to visit the palace. St. Mathew prayed over the king who was then healed. The king repented of his evil ways & along with the queen accepted Christianity & was baptized. Soon their entire kingdom heard the Gospel & were baptized as well. King Sennaharib built 2 monasteries, Dayro d-Mor Mattai & Dayro d-Mor Behnam u Mort Sara (where he had his son & daughter entombed, it's also called the 'pit monastery'). Many works of miracles occur due to the intercession of St. Behnam & St. Sarah. Their relics are venerated with great reverence.
Oh Mor Behnam, Mort Sara & the 40 martyr companions! Plead for us all before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Syriac Prayers: https://goo.gl/vkCSTH
Fixed Feast
Mor Philoxenos of Mabbug (Mor Akhsnoyo) +523
December 10th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Philoxenus of Mabbug +523 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Also known as Mor Akhsnoyo, Xenaya was born in Tahal, Persia. He studied in Edessa followed by Tel'ada Antioch, later joining the Qartmin Monastery (aka Dayro d-Mor Gabriel) & entering priesthood. St. Philoxenus was consecrated bishop of Mabbug (Hierapolis) by HH Patriarch Peter II (Peter the Fuller). This was during a time of great turbulence in Christianity, hardly 30 years had passed since the infamous Council of Chalcedon. Philoxenus was a vehement champion of the Orthodox Miaphysite theology.
In AD512 St. Severius the Great Patriarch of Antioch replaced the Chalcedonian Flavius II. Mor Philoxenus became his trusted spokesperson. He was a renowned scholar, among the most learned theologians. He wrote several letters on ascetic life, the perfect Christian life, the Holy Trinity & the incarnation, in addition to three texts of Holy Qurbono, & prayers for different hours. Mor Philoxenus also commissioned Cor-Episcopo Polycarp to produce what is known as the 'Philoxenian Bible' in Syriac which was used in the Miaphysite churches till about the 7th century when it was superceded by the Syriac Peshito (which already existed in the complete form since the 5th century).
Regarding the incarnation, Mor Philoxenus wrote espousing the Miaphysite theology: “The very personality of God the word descended from heaven & became man in the womb of the Virgin, personally without conversion. Thus, He became a man who could be seen, felt, handled, & yet as God He continued to possess the spiritual, invisible, & impalpable character essential to Deity. Neither the deity nor the humanity was absorbed one by the other, nor converted one into the other. Nor again by a combination of the two natures was a third evolved as by chemical transformation”
Sadly, following the death of the faithful Orthodox Emperor Anastasius, Justin I became ruler. He adhered to the Chalcedonian faith, & began a great wave of persecution on the Orthodox Miaphysites. Justin I exiled both St. Severius & St. Philoxenus. While in exile Mor Akhsnoyo was murdered by suffocation of smoke. Thus on December 10th 523AD, he attained the crown of martyrdom. Mor Philoxenus of Mabbug is commemorated every Sunday in the Thubden d-Qadishe (5th Thubden/Dypthic) of the Syriac Orthodox Church Holy Qurbono.
Oh Mor Akhsnoyo! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Lecture Series - The Discourses of Mor Philoxenos of Mabbug (courtesy Urho the Way): https://bit.ly/3nihKHv
St. Hyppolitus of Rome
Daniel the Stylite
11 December 2021
In hagiography: Daniel the Stylite was a monk and disciple of Samuel of Qartmin who walked along the Tigris while he went to the land of Qardu (Gazarta).
St. Eustathius of Antioch +337
December 11th is the commemoration of the dhukrono of St. Eustathius of Antioch according to the liturgical calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Sometimes surnamed the Great, St. Eustathius of Antioch was a bishop & Patriarch of Antioch in the 324-337. At the Council of Nicæa (325), since he was presiding the council, he distinguished himself zealously against the Arians & was one of the most prominent opponents of Arianism, & from 325-330 he was engaged in an almost continuous literary warfare against the Arians.
But the mad Arius, as St. Eustathius called him, refused to renounce his errors. He & those who shared his opinion were excommunicated from the Church by the Council. Among the bishops who signed the Nicene Creed were some who sympathized with the heresy of Arius, but signed the Acts of the Council through fear of excommunication.
After the Council, his enemies plotted against St. Eustathius. With great cunning they gained his consent to convene a local Council at Antioch. Having bribed a certain profligate woman, they persuaded her to appear at the Council with an infant at her breast, & falsely declare that St. Eustathius was the father of the infant. The Arians declared St. Eustathius deposed with the help of King Constantius (who shared the heretical views of the Arians).
Even in exile, Saint Eustathius struggled for Orthodoxy with the same zeal. He died in exile in the year 337AD.
For full biography visit: http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/St.%20Eustathius,%20Patriarch%20of%20Antioch.htm
St. Gregory of Armenia, the Illuminator +331
December 11th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Gregory the Illuminator +331 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Gregorios is the patron saint of Armenia. Armenia was an exposed frontier & buffer state between the Roman & Persian empires. His father was prince Anak, a Parthian nobleman who assassinated King Khosrov II of the Arsacid dynasty. Following the assassination while trying to escape, Anak was killed. Gregory who was an infant along with his brother managed to escape with the help of their caretakers. While his brother was taken to Persia, Gregory was taken to Caesarea in Cappadocia (Kayseri, Turkey) & raised in a devout Christian home, educated by Holy Father Phirmilianos (Euthalius). Gregory got married to Mariam & they had two sons, Vrtanes & Aristaces (who became a bishop & attended the Council of Nicaea in 325AD). Eventually, Gregory embraced monasticism.
Gregory returned to Armenia to spread Christianity in his homeland. This was during a period of great persecution of Christians throughout the Roman Empire. The son of Khosrov II, Tiridates III ruled Armenia, & like Roman emperor Diocletian, he hated Christianity. Tiridates learnt that Gregory was the son of his father's murderer, which angered him. He demanded that Gregory must renounce his Christian faith & worship the pagan idols. Gregory refused to deny Christ so he was thrown into a pit with deadly snakes & imprisoned for around 13 years. Tiridates fell ill & had a bout of insanity, having been betrayed by emperor Diocletian. Gregory was freed from the pit after Tiridates was miraculously cured following his prayers.
Reinvigorated, Mor Gregorios began preaching throughout Armenia, baptizing a multitude of individuals. After Tiridates was baptized, he proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia in 301AD, this was while Diocletian's persecution of Christians continued throughout the rest of the Roman empire. Thus Armenia became the very first nation in history (not including the Syriac kingdom of King Abgar the Black) to embrace Christianity as the state religion. The pagan temples & idols were destroyed as countless churches were built. With the support of Tiridates, Gregory built the Cathedral of Etchmiadzin near Mount Ararat. The Mother Church in Etchmiadzin became & remains the spiritual & cultural center of Armenian Christianity & headquarters of the Mother See of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
In 302AD Gregory was consecrated as Patriarch of Armenia by his childhood friend Leontius of Caesarea, becoming the first "Catholicos of all Armenians". In 318AD he named his son Aristaces as successor. He entrusted his grandson also named Gregory (son of Vrtanes) to spread the Gospel of Christ throughout the Caucasus & Anatolia. St. Gregory in his old age retreated to a small monastery in Mount Sebuh with a group of monks, remaining there until his death in 331AD.
Oh Mor Gregorios! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
St. Meletius of Antioch +381
Ananias and Azarias
12 December 2021
Martyrs in the book of Daniel
Vat. LXIX
Revelation to St. Joseph (gelyono d-yawseph)
The Sunday of the Revelation to St. Joseph the Righteous (had'bshabo d'gelyono d-yawseph kino) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
This Sunday’s message is very crucial with respect to the birth of our Lord. First, Matthew affirms, against any possible misinterpretations of the virgin birth, that Joseph controlled himself, practicing sexual restraint. By calling Joseph righteous (1:19) Matthew invites us to learn from Joseph's character about fidelity, discipline & preferring God's honor above our own. The passage also exhorts us to temper justice with compassion, a central principle in this Gospel. Joseph values commitment to God above his own honor. When God reveals the truth to Joseph, he immediately believes & obeys God's will, unbelievable as the truth would seem without a deep trust in God's power. Joseph trusted God enough to obey him.Joseph was a righteous man committed to do God's commandments. He had no fear or shame for his commitment to God. Joseph's obedience to God cost him the right to value his own reputation. Joseph is an example to every man: Do not be afraid to be a man of prayer in union with God. He had surrendered completely to God's will, avoiding evil. This week's Gospel also provides us the simplest yet most succinct declaration of whom Jesus would be, "And she shall bring forth a son, & thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins...Behold, a virgin shall be with child, & shall bring forth a son, & they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us."
Evening:St. John 6:30-46
Morning:St. John 6:30-46
Before Holy Qurbono:Genesis 37:5-11Isaiah 45:18-46:2
Holy Qurbono:I Peter 2:1-10Galatians 1:11-24St. Matthew 1:18-25
For sermons/commentaries based on the Gospel: https://goo.gl/HK49FN
Tone of the Day: 7(3 for alternate days of the week)
Syriac prayers:https://goo.gl/Etbpq6
Revelation to St. Joseph Promiyon Sedro (courtesy Hymonutho): https://bit.ly/3jjRmfl
St. Spyridon, Bishop of Trimythous
Sts. Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, at Sebaste
The Holy Martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes (the Five Companions) suffered for Christ under the emperor Diocletian (284-305) at Sebaste, in Armenia.
Sts. Thyrsus, Leucis, and Callinicus of Apollonia
The Holy Martyrs Thyrsus, Leucius and Callinicus suffered for Christ under the emperor Decius (249-251) at Caesarea in Bithynia. RSoH
St. John the Cantor
13 December 2021
St. John Psaltes "The Chanter" abbot of Qinnesrin (ܩܢܫܪܝܢ) at the close of the sixth century, is the third of this name among the abbots of this monastery. Nicknamed "The Calligrapher," John was an adroit man of letters. He studied sciences at his monastery where he became a monk and was ordained a priest. He was known for his piety. His death is thought to have occurred around the year 600. According to the calendar of his monastery, he was commemorated on the thirteenth of January of the same year. He composed eloquent maniths poets, in one of which he made known the traits of John Bar Aphtonya. In another two maniths he praised the patriarchs Peter III and Julian I. A vision revealed to him the presence of relics in the place called Ḥrbat Tuta. http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/St.%20John%20Psaltes.htm
Mor John of the Sedre +648
14 December 2021
Patriarch of Antioch and all the East. The creator of the Sedro (forms the second part of the Promiyon Sedro set of the husoyo)
St. Abrohom of Qidon +366
December 14th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Abraham of Qidon +366 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Abrohom Kidunoyo was born to a wealthy family near Edessa. His family wanted him to get married, however he ran away to become a monk. He then built a hermitage with a small opening only for food, remaining there to pray continuously. When his parents passed, he had all the inherited wealth distributed to the poor & needy; keeping only a cloak, a goat-skin garment, a bowl & a mat for himself.
Near to the site of his cell, there was a town called Beth Qidon whose citizens were pagan idolaters. Many had tried to evangelize them, but it was always met with fierce opposition. The bishop of Edessa was disturbed by this, saddened that the word of God could not reach the hearts of these people. He asked Abraham to leave his cell (against his will), ordained him as a priest & sent him to preach the Gospel to the citizens of Qidon. Mor Abrohom built a church in the town, trying his hardest to spread the Gospel, but they would not listen. Each night he would return to his cell to pray, going back to the city every morning. The townsfolk would insult him, abuse him, even attacking him with sticks & stones. Once, St. Abraham was left for dead, but upon recovering he would return to the people trying his level best to soften their hearts & open their ears to the message of the Gospel. This went on with much difficulty for 3 years.
By the grace of God, there was a break through. Abraham's patience, steadfast faith & willingness to suffer for the Gospel convinced the citizens of Qidon of his holiness. They listened to & accepted the Gospel, eventually being baptized by him. He continued teaching them the ideals of Christian faith, justice & charity for another year till he retired back to his hermitage. As the whole town of Qidon was converted through his untiring efforts, he was given the name St. Abraham of Qidon.
Mor Abrohom Kidunoyo led a life of penance for fifty years & lived to the age of 70. At the news of his last illness, the whole countryside flocked to receive his benediction & after his death each one sought to procure a fragment of his clothing. He was the teacher & master of Mor Barsawmo (+457 the chief among Mourners/ris'ho dabile)
Oh Mor Abrohom Kidunoyo! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
St. Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil +1917
December 14th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil +1917 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Paulose was born to Varkey & Anna. His maternal grandfather was a priest, Thoppil Scaria Qashisho. At a young age he learnt Syriac & at the age of 9 he was ordained a Quroyo by St. Coorilos Yuyakim the Reesh Episcopo (It is said that the saintly father had a vision that the young deacon would one day lead the faithful of Malankara). At the age of 16, Paulose was ordained a priest by Mathews Mar Athanasius, Palakkunnath (founder of Marthoma Sabha). His first Holy Qurbono was at St. Mary's Church Kandanad. When a dispute about the validity of his consecration arose, he was re-consecrated by Malankara Metropolitan Mor Dionysius V (Pulikkottil Joseph II) & then appointed as Vicar of Mulanthuruthy Church. St. Gregorios Geevarghese Chathuruthil was then a Raban at the nearby Vettickal Chapel. Fr. Paulose was greatly influenced by the ascetic zeal & saintly nature of Raban Geevarghese, & they formed a close companionship. Patriarch Ignatius Peter IV visited Malankara. In 1876 he convened the Mulanthuruthy Synod & later consecrated the Holy Chrism at Mulunthuruthy Church. Both events were in the presence of Raban Geevarghese & Fr. Paulose. In September of the same year, Fr. Paulose along with Karvattuveettil Shem'vun Cor-Episcopo (later Mor Dionysius Shem'vun, the first bishop of Kochi) & Chalapurath Yac'ub Cor-Episcopo were elevated to the rank of Raban by Patriarch Peter IV. Raban Paulose could not stay much longer under the tutelage of Raban Geevarghese as the latter was to be consecrated Metropolitan Gregorios just a few months later in December.
Patriarch Peter IV gave permission for Vettickal Chapel to function as a monastery, & in 1877 the foundation stone for Vettickal Dayro (the very first monastery of the Malankara Church) was laid. Raban Paulose took a keen interest to build up the monastery & the surrounding area including starting schools. Malankara Metropolitan Mor Dionysius V was pleased with the efforts of Paulose Raban, & appointed him as the manager of Old Seminary. Raban Paulose along with deacon Sleebo (later St. Osthatheos Sleebo) & others joined Mor Gregorios Geevarghese Chathuruthil on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After returning from the pilgrimage, Raban Paulose was sent to Thiruvananthapuram to look after the Syriac Orthodox faithful there. His untiring efforts & able leadership helped to complete the church construction within a year. St. George Church was the first Syriac Orthodox parish in Thiruvananthapuram (sadly it was later usurped by the schismatics). After completing his work there, he returned to being the manager of Old Seminary & publisher of Malankara Edvakappathrika (official magazine of the Church).
Even with all his responsibilities, Raban Paulose never wavered in his ascetical lifestyle of prayer & fasting which he emulated from St. Gregorios Geevarghese. Through his missionary efforts more than 200 individuals heard the Gospel & accepted Christ as Lord. Raban Paulose established a Church for them at a time when the notion of untouchability & societal casteism was rampant in the community. He personally came forward to carry out the religious needs of the converts to the Holy Church.
As Mor Dionysius V was advancing in age, the Malankara Association convened by him decided to send two Rabans to the Patriarchate for Metropolitan Consecration. Rev. Raban Paulose & Rev. Fr. Geevarghese Vattasseril were elected to be ordained bishops & sent to Jerusalem. Patriarch Ignatius Abded Aloho II consecrated & instituted them with the titles Mor Coorilos Paulose & Mor Dionysius Geevarghese respectively on 31st May 1908 at Dayro d-Mor Marqos Jerusalem in the presence of Mor Osthatheos Sleebo & Mor Ivanios Elias (later Patriarch St. Ignatius Elias III). It is important to note that the deposed Patriarch Abded Messih was still alive, so there is no contention in Malankara about who was the legitimate canonical Patriarch of Antioch. A few months later, the newly consecrated bishops returned to Malankara along with Patriarchal Delegate Mor Osthatheos Sleebo. After becoming a Metropolitan, Mor Coorilos continued his Gospel work, assisted by Qasheesho Mikhayel of Kayankulam (later Mor Dionysius Mikhayel). After the death of Mor Dionysius V, with the permission of the Patriarch, Mor Dionysius Geevarghese was enthroned as Malankara Metropolitan. The ceremony was conducted at Old Seminary by Mor Osthatheos Sleebo with Mor Ivanios Murimattom & Mor Coorilos Paulose as Co-celebrants. It is said that Mor Osthatheos Sleebo preferred Mor Coorilos to be Malankara Metropolitan.
A few months later, Patriarch Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II visited Malankara. It was during this time a major rift started in Malankara. Following the autocratic style of functioning & his disobedience of Church laws, Vattasseril Mor Dionysius the Malankara Metropolitan was excommunicated by the Patriarch. (the excommunication would be later lifted by St. Ignatius Elias III Patriarch) On 17 August 1911 the representatives of the Malankara Church met at Thrikunnath Seminary & Mor Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil was selected as Malankara Metropolitan. Disputes & quarrels became daily occurrences in Old Seminary because of the schismatics led by Mor Dionysius. The ongoing disputes destroyed the peaceful atmosphere in the Old Seminary where Mor Coorilos was residing. Mor Coorilos left the Old Seminary for Attamangalam church, Kumarakom. Finally, the rest of his days were spent at Panampady church & Piravom church.
While continuing missionary work, overseeing Church affairs & traveling far & wide to defend the true faith, the health of Mor Coorilos began to deteriorate. He gave his final Kalpana on 2nd Thulam 1917 from Panampady Church, which was heart touching. Mor Coorilos Paulose, who had fought the good fight, & protected the true faith, passed away on 14th December 1917. His last rites were led by St. Athanasius Paulose assisted by St. Osthatheos Sleebo & Mor Severios Geevarghese (Knanaya diocese). He was entombed adjacent to the altar of St. Mary’s Church, Panampady. Mor Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil is remembered for his humbleness, missionary zeal, service of the downtrodden & his unflinching loyalty to the Holy Throne of Antioch. In 2008 vis Patriarchal Apostolic Bull No. E215/08, he was glorified as a Saint by Patriarch Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas. In 2017 during the 100th anniversary of his dukhrono, vis Patriarchal Apostolic Bull No. E I23/17; the Patriarch of Antioch and all the East HH Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II permitted the recitation of the name of St. Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil in the 5th Thubden (Thubden d-Qadishe) at all Malankara parishes across the world.
Biography courtesy of, 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church' and Syriac Christianity website.
Oh Mor Coorilos Paulose Kochuparambil! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/MorKoorilosKochuparambil.htm
St. Drosis of Antioch
Daughter of the Roman Emperor Trajan who saw Christian virgins burying their dead. She was inspired to help them, and then she became a Christian and martyr herself.
Sts. Eleutherius, Nonna and Kurbur
Eleutherius, Bishop of Illyria, and his mother, Martyr Evanthia (Nonna). The Eparch Caribus (Kurbur), who had tortured Saint Eleutherius, also came to believe in Christ and was executed.RSoH
Nativity Fast
15 December 2021 - 24 December 2021
December 15th is the commencement of the 10 day Fast of the Nativity of our Lord (sawmo d'Mawlodho d'Moran hesro yaumin) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
The Nativity Fast lasts 10 days, starting on December 15th & ending on December 25th Christmas Day (Hido d'yaldo d'Moran).
The thrice blessed late Patriarch HH Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas of blessed memory writes in regards to this fast: The institution of this fast was towards the beginning of the 4th century AD. This can be gathered from reading memres of St. Ephrem the Syrian (+373) & the hymns he composed in the 4th Century. The Christmas fast is practiced in preparation for welcoming the commemorative day of Lord Jesus’ birth in the flesh & in memory of the grief brought by sin, which we experienced before the Lord’s birth. The darkness of ignorance, Satan’s enslavement of us, & the infliction of the created world, in expectation of salvation accomplished through the birth of the savior, who redeemed us by His incarnation. We practice this fast to become pure in our souls & body & to be worthy of welcoming the commemoration of the redeemer’s birth, the word of God incarnate; in the same way Moses fasted before the written word of God, that is the Law of the Old Testament, was handed over to him.
May our Lord & Savior Jesus Christ abundantly bless all the faithful who wholeheartedly keep the Fast. The Fast is a sign of victory & an unbeatable armour against the evil one. In recent decades, there has been much controversy about the Christmas season. As we look forward to the commemoration of Christ's Nativity on Christmas Day, let's not forget to keep 'Christ' in Christmas; not by simply uttering the phrase but by following what Christ would want us to do. Never forget that Christ is the foundation of all celebrations. While we all rejoice during the festive period, let us not lose sight of the message of salvation proclaimed by the great Prophet Isaiah, "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: & the government shall be upon his shoulder: & his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."
15 December 2021
St. John the Evangelist
St. John is the youngest son of Zebedee & Salome. John's older brother is St. James. He was the youngest of the disciples, & unlike the others he did not face martyrdom. John was the only Apostle present by Jesus' side at the crucifixion. Christ entrusted the care of St. Mary to John as he was the one 'Jesus loved the most'. St. Mary lived under John's care until her death.
St. John lived in Jerusalem & later moved to Ephesus. He authored the Gospel & 3 epistles in his name. The book of Revelation was also written by him. He built many churches in Turkey & evangelized many to Christianity. Tradition states that he lived to 120 years of age. A church was built over the site of his tomb. However, this was converted to a mosque.
Huthomo: https://youtu.be/Sg1DcHVxmDo
St. Severus of Antioch hymn on St. John the Evangelist:
"All the peoples shall bless him" (Psalms 72:17) The preacher and Apostle, John the Evangelist, who by Christ, even God, his Master, was before named 'son of thunder', and for this reason divinely thundered with loud voice the words, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God", and stirred up and instilled wonder in all the ears of wise and of unwise. Whom also Jesus particularly loved more than the rest of the disciples his fellows, by whom He was proclaimed God, let us beg and beseech together with the God-bearer and Virgin to entreat for us, in order that, building all the service of works of virtue upon this foundation of faith, we may be admitted to find great mercy."
Abba Zeno the Syrian
16 December 2021
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Patriarchs of the Old Testament)
Metropolitan Consecration of H.E. Mor Timotheos Moussa Al-Shamani
H.E. Mor Timotheos Mousa Al Shamani, Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of Mor Mattai Dayro, Iraq was consecrated on December 16th 2005 by late HH Mor Ignatius Zakka I
Prophet Haggai
Prophet Haggai was a descendant of Aaron, the priest, and from the tribe of Levi. He was one of the twelve minor prophets. When King Nebuchadnezzar captured the Jews of Jerusalem and took them to Babylon, the parents of this prophet were among them, and he was born in exile. This prophet returned to Jerusalem along with Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah and the rest of the people of Israel. He prophesied in the second year of the reign of Darius, King of Persia, who reigned in the year 3484 of the world and that was 15 years after the return of the people of Israel from the Babylonian exile.
This prophet directed his prophecies by the command of God to Zerubbabel, then to Joshua the son of Jehozidak, the high priest. He incited the Jews to complete the rebuilding of the temple of Solomon, the son of David. They had started rebuilding the temple after they returned from captivity, then they abandoned it to build their own homes. The prophet rebuked them saying, "Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses and this temple to be in ruins? Now therefore, thus says the Lord of hosts, 'Consider your ways! You have sown much, and bring in little; you eat, but do not have enough; you drink, but you are not filled with drink; you clothe yourselves, but no one is warm; and he who earns wages, earns wages to put into a bag of holes.'" (Haggai 1:4-6) Those who were upright amongst the people of Israel feared the threats of the Lord and built the house of the Lord as they were supposed to. Haggai the prophet had announced to the people after they finished building it, that the Lord was pleased by that.
Zachariah and Elizabeth
Parents of St. John the Baptist
St. Barnabas
17 December 2021
St. Raboula of Edessa +435
December 17th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St Raboula of Edessa +435 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Raboula Urhoyo was born in a wealthy family of Kenneshrin/Qinnasrin village (Chalcis near Aleppo, Syria). His father was a pagan priest & mother was a Christian. He learned Greek & Syriac, got married in his youth & led a family life.
Once while listening to an evangelical talk in Mor Abraham Dayaro in Kenneshrin he felt a desire to listen to & study the word of God. Later he learned theology from Mor Eusebius of Smishath & Aakkak Episcopo of Aleppo. When he returned to Kennishrin he lived away from his family making his wife & children lead an ascetic life. He freed his slaves & shared his riches with the poor, later joining Mor Abraham Dayro.
St. Raboula was ordained a priest in AD 388 & in AD 411 after the death of Bishop Diogenes of Urhoy (Edessa), Raboula was ordained as the successor by the Patriarch of Antioch. He was a close friend of St. Cyril of Alexandria. Mor Raboula was vehemently opposed to Nestorianism. With fierce determination he combatted the growing rise of heresy in his diocese & elsewhere, even traveling to Constantinople to preach the true faith & denounce Nestorian ideology in front of Patriarch Theodosius (who was leaning towards Nestorianism).
His literary legacy comprises of rules for the ascetics, rules for the children of the covenant, rules about services in the Church, a few madraso, sugeetho & bovootho. He is a well known for abolishing the use of the Syriac Diatessaron (harmonized combination of the Gospels) ordering instead that the Syriac translations of the 4 canonical Gospels be made available in every church.
It was customary for Raboula to stay at Mor Abraham Dayaro every year fasting & meditating for spiritual rejuvenation.
The writings of St. Rabbula demonstrate that long before the Holy Ecumenical Council of Ephesus 431AD, the faithful of Antioch affirmed the Orthodoxy of Miaphysitism, which is the faith of the Doctors of the Syriac Church like Sts. Aphrahat, Ephrem, and Cyrilona. Therefore, what St. Cyril of Alexandria taught at the Holy Ecumenical Council of Ephesus is the same as what the Orthodox Fathers of the Holy See of Antioch kept and handed down since Apostolic times.
Contrary to previous reports, Mor Rabbula did not take part in the Synod of Ephesus in AD 431 nor in the council held by John of Antioch to condemn St. Cyril.
His reign as Bishop of Edessa lasted for 24 years.
Oh Mor Raboula Urhoyo! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Ananias, Azarias and Misael
18 December 2021
The Holy Youths Ananias (“God is gracious”), Azarias (“whom God helps”), and Misael (“Who is what God is?”) were companions of the Holy Prophet Daniel. They were chosen to serve in the king’s palace with Daniel (Daniel 1:6) and were all from the tribe of Judah. They gave Ananias the Chaldean name Shadrach (“royal”), Azarias the Chaldean name Abednego (“servant of Nego”), and Misael the Chaldean name Meshach (“guest”). They were thrown into a fiery furnace when they refused to worship the golden idol set up by King Nebuchadnezzar, but the angel of the Lord preserved them (Daniel 3:25).
Martyrs of Mount Sinai
St. Sebastian
Martyred at Rome, and his companions with him
St. Thomas wounded by the spear
December 18th is the commemoration of the wounding of St. Thomas the Holy Apostle by the spear of the unbelievers according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
After sowing the seed of the Holy Gospel in Malankara (erstwhile Malabar or Kerala, India), establishing 7 churches & converting numerous faithful to Christianity; St. Thomas left Malankara as he continued on his missionary journey. According to the traditions of the Syriac Orthodox faithful of Malankara, Mor Touma was pierced by a lance while preaching in Mylapore India.
His Apostolic mission brought him from Malankara to Mylapore in what is now Tamil Nadu, south India. Sadly, his evangelization work would be cut short. While praying on a hill, St. Thomas was attacked by the servants of the hindu king & temple priests who were angered by his preaching. The soldiers pierced Mor Touma with spears on December 18th 72AD leaving him mortally wounded. He would succumb to his injuries 3 days later.
Oh Mor Touma Sleeho! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Popes of Rome
19 December 2021
SILVESTER, LIBERIUS, XYSTUS, JULIUS
RSoh
Probus
Probus is a martyr from Tarsus who died during the consulate of Diocletian
Sunday before Christmas (Qdom Yaldo)
The Sunday before Christmas (had'bshabo daqdom Yaldo) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
In St. Matthew's Gospel, we are presented with the genealogy of Jesus Christ. Our Lord is shown to be the son of Abraham, the father of all nations; & the son of David, the rightful heir to the throne of Israel. Interestingly, Matthew lists the mixed ancestry of Jesus, unlike the prized 'pure lineage' which the Jewish people were fond of. When Matthew cites these four women, he is reminding his readers that 3 ancestors of King David & the mother of King Solomon were Gentiles. Matthew thus declares that the Gentiles were never an afterthought in God's plan but had been part of his work in history from the beginning. This point fits an emphasis that God is not only for people of one race or culture; we must cross racial & cultural boundaries to evangelize the whole world, humbly learn from other cultures, & serve with our brothers & sisters there.Courtesy: 'The Importance of the Sundays before Christmas' by HE Mor Theethose Yeldo
Evening:St. Matthew 1:1-17
Morning:St. Luke 3:23-38
Before Holy Qurbono:Genesis 46:8-27I Kings 9:3-7Isaiah 7:14-15, 11:1-9
Holy Qurbono:Acts 3:20-26Romans 4:13-21St. Matthew 1:1-17
For sermons/commentaries based on the Gospel reading: https://goo.gl/qX4ZvD
Tone of the Day: 8 (4 for alternate days of the week)
Hymns by HG Mor Aphrem Mathews: https://goo.gl/PwosFWSermon by Dr. Babu Paul IAS: https://goo.gl/QZXZRJSyriac Prayers: https://goo.gl/S93NAx
Sunday before Christmas Promiyon Sedro (courtesy Hymonutho): https://bit.ly/30POsIT
Mor Ignatius Noorono +107
20 December 2021
December 20th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Ignatius of Antioch +107 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Ignatius Noorono was the third Patriarch of Antioch, the successor to St. Peter the chief of the Apostles. Church historian Eusebius of Caesarea writes that St. Ignatius succeeded St. Evodius, likewise St. John Chrysostom states St. Peter specifically chose St. Ignatius to be his successor. Ignatius is also called Theophorus in Greek which means 'God-Borne' because of the tradition that he was the child Christ held according to the Gospel of Matthew 18:2-3. Theophorus may also be interpreted as 'God-Bearer' because of the virtue practiced by Ignatius in witnessing God as is expected of every true believer. In Syriac he is given the title Noorono or 'Illuminator/fire-bearer'.
St. Ignatius wrote 7 letters to root out the heresies which were plaguing the early Church. The letters are addressed to Ephesians, Magnesians, Trallians, Romans, Philadelphians, Smyrnaeans, & to his friend St. Polycarpos the bishop of Smyrna. He wrote these letters en route from Smyrna to Rome where he was to be executed. Some of the most important quotations from his writings against heresies include the following:
He stresses Christ’s true humanity & identifies it with the healing food of the Eucharist, calling the Body of Christ "medicine of immortality" Further, he describes: every time this mystery is celebrated, “the work of our redemption is carried on & we break the one bread that provides the antidote for death & the food that makes us live forever in Jesus Christ. Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, & see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God... They abstain from the Eucharist & from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins & which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes."
St. Ignatius was ordered to be executed by Roman Emperor Trajan. Bishop Polycarp welcomed St. Ignatius on his way to Rome (to be executed) under armed guard. Several Syrian Christian delegates from other churches at Smyrna received him. At Rome he was thrown into the amphitheater filled with voracious lions to be devoured on October 17th. It is said that only the toughest of his bones remained. Thus Mor Ignatius Noorono attained the crown of martyrdom. His relics were then taken to Antioch & venerated by the pious believers. Emperor Theodosius II later moved his relics to another church in the city on December 20th.
Oh Mor Ignatius Noorono! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
http://www.soc-wus.org/ourchurch/St.%20Ignatius%20Noorono.htm
St. Pope Peter I of Alexandria
Martyr and Patriarch
Abba John Khame
21 December 2021
Abū Kāmā
John of Harran
In hagiography: John of Ḥarran was commemorated as one of fifty miaphysite bishops exiled under Justin I in 518.
Martyrdom of St. Thomas
December 21st is the commemoration of the martyrdom of St. Thomas the Holy Apostle +72AD according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Touma Sleeho was one of the 12 Apostles of our Lord. His twin brother is St. Aday bishop of Edessa & one of the 72 Disciples mentioned in Luke 10:1. Thus he is also known as Didymus(Greek-twin).Thomas was a faithful servant of his Master, always willing to give his life for the Lord (John 11:16). He is traditionally referred to as 'Doubting Thomas' because of the exchange between him & his fellow Apostles as written in the gospel of St. John 20:24-25. However, this doubt isn't a lapse in his character as a disciple or his genuine belief in God. It should be seen in the light of one whose faith is further strengthened by the manifested glory of God's miraculous power. Doubt is the first step to belief. It is his confession of faith in front of the newly appeared Christ, that will be etched in Christendom for eternity. Christ knew the heart of Thomas & tells him to feel His wounds. There is not an unbelieving word in our tongues, nor thought in our minds, but it is known to the Lord Jesus; & he was pleased to accommodate himself even to Thomas, rather than leave him in his unbelief. Thomas proclaims 'My Lord and my God' (John 20:28). This proclamation is the sum total of the salvific act of Jesus Christ on earth. This confession of faith is repeated in the Holy Qurbono when the second coming of Christ is commemorated.
Following the Ascension, Thomas isn't spoken of in the rest of the New Testament. However, the writings of the early Church fathers including St. Ephrem, St. Gregory Nazianzus, St. John Chrysostom & St. Jacob of Serugh all state that St. Thomas evangelized India. The 'Acts of St. Thomas' is a Syriac text by an unknown author which chronicles the journey & life of Thomas. The prayers written by the Syriac Church fathers also indicate St. Thomas went to India. Additionally, the oral tradition passed down for generations amongst the Christians of Kerala including Margamkali (Dance of the way) & Ramban Pattu (Song of the Monk) also speak of the arrival & work of St. Thomas to convert the locals in India. Archeological excavations in the 19th century have shed more light on what's written in the 'Acts of St. Thomas,' confirming many of its details. More recent digs in the port village of Muziris from 2007 & beyond have found key pieces of evidence corroborating the existing oral traditions.
St. Thomas is said to have been ordered to build a palace for King Gondaphorus. However, Thomas used the money for charity work which enraged the king who sent Thomas to prison for later execution. The King's brother died & he visited the King in a vision telling him that St. Thomas had a place in heaven prepared. The King released Thomas & he then converted to Christianity, an incident that is alluded to in the evening prayer (Bovuso) of the first Sunday after Easter (hadto/New Sunday). St. Thomas attended the wedding of the king's daughter, but was attacked by one of the pagans, however the attacker's hand was bitten off by a menacing dog. St. Thomas then heals the man in front of the crowd. The miracle done at the wedding feast is referred to in the morning prayer of the First Sunday after Easter.
St. Thomas came to Kerala in AD52 at Kodungalur. He initially preached to the existing Jewish community, followed by evangelization of the gentiles. He performed many miracles. Local tradition states he established 7 churches & ordained elders from 4 families of the upper echelons of their society. The Syriac Christians of Malabar from the state of Kerala, the southwest coast of India, call themselves 'St. Thomas Christians' on account of missionary efforts. The Government of India even released two commemorative stamps in honour of St. Thomas, once in 1964 then again in 1972(for the 19th centenary of his martyrdom).
His Apostolic mission brought him from Malankara to Mylapore in what is now Tamil Nadu, south India. Sadly, his evangelization work would be cut short. While praying on a hill, St. Thomas was attacked by the servants of the hindu king & temple priests who were angered by his preaching. The soldiers pierced Mor Touma with spears on December 18th 72AD leaving him mortally wounded. He would succumb to his injuries 3 days later. Thus Mor Touma attained the crown of martyrdom. His remains were entombed in Mylapore. The Holy Relics were later transferred to Edessa (Urhoy) on July 3rd AD394 & interred on August 22nd. The relocation of the relic of St. Thomas to Urhoy is described in the Hoothomo of this feast. His relics would later be transferred to St. Thomas Cathedral in Mosul, Iraq. In 1964 during renovation work, the thrice blessed late Patriarch HH Mor Ignatius Zakka (who was then Mor Severios, Archbishop of Mosul) rediscovered the priceless relics in the Altar of St. Thomas Church. A portion of these relics were gifted to the Malankara Christians in 1964 & again in 1982. In 2014, due to the onslaught of the ISIS insurgency, the relics were shifted for safekeeping to the Beth Qadishe of Dayro d-Mor Mattai Nineveh Iraq.
The Feast of St. Thomas is celebrated on 3 occasions in the Syriac Orthodox Church calendar. He is commemorated on New Sunday(Sunday after Easter), July 3rd (translation of his Holy Relics to Edessa in AD 394) & December 21 (his martyrdom; December 18, the day he was stuck by the lance of the unbelievers, is also honored in Malankara). The thrice blessed late Patriarch HH Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas of blessed memory in an encyclical dated October 20, 1987, added the name of "Apostle Thomas, the preacher of the Holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ in India" to the 4th Thubden of the Malankara Jacobite Church. St. Thomas is the Patron Saint of India.
Biography courtesy, 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church
Oh Mor Touma Sleeho! May your intercession on your blessed feast be with us all. May your prayers protect the Syriac Orthodox Christians of Malankara. Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
St. Thomas and The Syrian Christians of Kerala: https://urhotheway.com/lectures-on-st-thomas-and-the-syrian-christians-of-kerala/
Lecture Series - Malankara Church and Throne of St. Thomas (courtesy Hymonutho): https://bit.ly/30TN7AV
Evening:St. John 11: 5 - 16
Morning:St. John 14 : 1 - 7
Before Holy Qurbana:Genesis 9: 1 - 12Daniel 1: 8 -21Isaiah 43: 1- 7
Holy Qurbana:Acts 1:12 -14I Corinthians 12 : 28 -13 : 10St. John 20: 19-31
https://urhotheway.com/2020/07/05/st-thomas-the-apostle/
On MASOCNA Calendar
St. Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium +394
St. Irenaeus of Lyon
On MASOCNA calendar
St. Juliana of Nicomedia
St. Justin martyr
Proclus, Nectarius and Alexander
22 December 2021
Patriarchs of Constantinople
St. Sergius the Solitary of the Barren Mountain
In hagiography: Sergius of the Barren Mountain (Jebel Butman/al-Jabal al-Qāḥil) was a monk who founded a monastery known as the Suspended Monastery (Dayr al-Muʿallaq). It became the residence of the bishops of Balad.
Christian Soldiers of Najran
23 December 2021
The narrative of this event, which was the Martyrdom of Miaphysite Orthodox Christians, is first provided by Mor Simeon of Beth Arsham.
Letter 1 of Mor Simeon of Beth Arsham: http://bit.ly/SimeonNajran1
Letter 2 of Mor Simeon of Beth Arsham: http://bit.ly/SimeonNajran2
Mor Gabriel
December 23rd is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. Gabriel +667 according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Gabriel was born in Beth Qustan, where he attended a local school & learned how to read & write in a relatively short time. Even in his youth, Gabriel read holy books to obtain spiritual strength & wisdom. His parents wanted him to get married & build a family but he chose to live an ascetic life with God. When he was 15 years of age, he left his parents' house while they were sleeping & went to the Monastery of the well-known ascetic Gewargis. Gewargis allowed him stay in the cloister & later the same year, Gabriel was inaugurated as a monk. He was known to sleep just two hours a day & spent the remainder of the time praying to God & reading books. He was very humble & he always walked barefoot & tortured himself, sometimes until he started to bleed. After seven years of staying at Gewargis' cloister, he decided to leave the area because of the constant pressure he received from his parents. With permission from the abbot, Gabriel fled at night to Qartmin Monastery.
After some years, at the age of 39, Mor Gabriel was elected abbot of the Monastery. During his life, Gabriel is alleged to have performed many miracles. He is known to have resurrected 3 people. In 634, he was ordained as bishop of Tur Abdin. When St. Gabriel passed, thousands of people gathered on that day with ten bishops and hundreds of monks, nuns, and priests.
The Qartmin Monastery was later renamed in his honour. Dayro d'Mor Gabriel - Turabdin (Deyrulumur) is the oldest functioning Monastery in the entire world. Sadly it has been embroiled in a dispute between the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Turkish government which has usurped it along with 50+ other church institutions.
Oh Mor Gabriel! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Syriac prayers in honour of Mor Gabriel: https://goo.gl/qEcy2m
Life of Mor Gabriel: http://bit.ly/MorGabriel
Dayro d-Mor Gabriel renamed in his honour http://www.morgabriel.org/history.html
http://sor.cua.edu/ChMon/MidyatDGabriel/index.html
Persian martyrs killed by Shah Khosrow I
24 December 2021
Chosroes (Khusrau) I
St. Eugenia of Rome
Nun, martyr, virgin
Anthony the Qurayshite +799
25 December 2021
"Anthony Qurayshite of the lineage of Umar [caliph]; helper of those who find themselves in difficulties".
In hagiography: Anthony the Qurayshite, born Ruhi, was a convert to Christianity from Islam, the nephew of Harun al-Rashid. He was martyred for refusing to return to Islam.
Excerpt from the Chronicle of Patriarch Michael Rabo: "In this period was a heathen man (an Arab) of the tribe of Quraysh, whose name was Ruwayyih. His house was adjacent to a Christian church, and constantly listened to the prayers. He looked through the window, and vexed the priest by casting at him pellets made of clay during the Sacrifice (the celebration of the Eucharist). One day while he was looking at the priest through the window, as was his custom, Almighty God, who knows everything even before it happens, had mercy on him. The man saw in the middle of the paten a slain lamb rolling in blood instead of the bread and the wine. Shocked by this spectacle, he went to see the priest in order to verify what he had seen. When he looked carefully, he saw in the paten the lamb broken into pieces and dribbling with blood. However, the priest did not know what went on until the man told him the whole story. The priest began to teach him the holy mysteries, and the man (Ruwayyih) left his house, entered a monastery and was baptized. When the report of this man reached King (Caliph) Harun, he summoned him and asked him about the story. He said with great courage that what he saw was from God, and that he would never deny Christianity even if he was tortured and cut to pieces. They (Harun) bound him in iron fetters, and shut him up in prison for two years. After immense torture, Harun summoned Ruwayyih the second time and promised him precious gifts if he denied Christ. When he remained unshaken, he commanded that his head be cut off, and had (his corpse) hung on the wall of Raphka. Many people saw the light that came down from heaven and rested on his head. A certain Christian man from the country of Persia took it down and carried it to his city."
Yeldo / Incarnation of our Lord (Christmas)
December 25th is the Feast of the Incarnation of our Lord and savior Jesus the Messiah (Hido d'yaldo d'Moran u foruqan Yeshu mshiho) or Christmas according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Christmas is a the culmination of the six week period of Suboro & is the central feast of the blessed season. The incarnation of our Lord Jesus is a great mystery which surpasses our comprehension & is worthy of proclamation. God concealed His mysteries from those who consider themselves wise in order to put to shame the wisdom of this world. St. Cyril writes, "for he is unchangeable & unalterable, ever continuing altogether the same according to the Scriptures: but we say that the Son of God, while visible to the eyes, & a babe & in swaddling clothes, & still at the breast of his Virgin Mother, filled all creation as God, & was seated with his Father. For the divinity is without quantity & without magnitude & without limit." The message of Christmas is the message of salvation. With the incarnation of our Lord, the gates of the Kingdom of Heaven is made available to us all. St. Ephrem writes, "put to shame was the Evil One who became king & plaited a diadem of deceit. Like God, he set his throne on the inhabited earth. The Babe in a manger cast him from his power."
“Glory to God in the highest and peace to those below, for the Savior is born in the city of David.” Brikh Mawlodhe d-Moran Yeshu mshiho!
Evening:St. John 1:1-17
By the fire-pit:Hebrews 1:1-12St. Luke 2:1-14
Morning:St. Luke 2:15-20
Before Holy Qurbono:Genesis 21:1-8Job 19:21-20:4Joshua 24:21-26II Kings 4:8-17Michah 5:1-8Great Wisdom 8:19-9:3Zachariah 2:10-3:10Jeremiah 23:5-8Daniel 2:31-47Ezekiel 37:15-28I Samuel 1:19-23Isaiah 9:1-7
Holy Qurbono:I John 1:1-2:6Galatians 3:23-26, 29:4-7Ephesians 3:20-21Matthew 2:1-12
For sermons/commentaries based on the Gospel reading: https://goo.gl/X4djtS
Feast of Nativity through the Hymns of St. Ephrem (courtesy Urho the Way): https://bit.ly/3m4QcGe
Tone of the Day: 1
Malayalam book: https://goo.gl/E14p1BManglish book: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18glc1rx5w34rjLP78faOXvuWfoqevT8k/view?usp=drivesdkSyriac Phanqitho/Husoyo: https://goo.gl/iNtzam
Promiyon Sedro (Malayalam courtesy Hymonutho) - Evening & Midnight by Fr. Manu Baby: https://youtu.be/Mlbc9qs3Zrg-Morning by Fr. Eldhose Kallarakal: https://youtu.be/FuE06rAbzb8
First Sunday after Yeldo (Christmas) (Bothar Yaldo)
26 December 2021
The First Sunday after Christmas (had'bshabo qadmoyo d'bothar Yaldo) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Luke's Gospel recounts the story of 12 year old Jesus at the temple in Jerusalem. As expected of all faithful Jews; Joseph, Mary & Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover festival. When it came time to leave, Jesus stayed behind at the temple. Joseph & Mary, only later noticing Him missing (thinking He was with their friends & relatives) search for 3 days until they find Jesus in the temple with the elders, scholars & others. He was diligently learning from them, asking questions & answering theirs. Those present were astonished by his knowledge & wisdom. When questioned by Mary as to why he stayed behind causing them sorrow, Jesus answers, "Why did you search for me, am I not to carry out my Father's business?" Even from a young age, we can see that Jesus was ready to follow the path the heavenly Father had prepared for Him. Jesus Christ made the better choice to be in the temple of God. The temple was the house of God & it was His duty to be there. Let us all follow the example of our Lord & make it a priority to attend Church service, study the scriptures & learn more about our faith & traditions.
Evening:St. Luke 2:40-52
Morning:St. Mark 6:1-6
Before Holy Qurbono:Genesis 21:8-13; 24:2-7Zechariah 8:3-8Judges 13:24-14:4
Holy Qurbono:I Peter 5:5-11Hebrews 3:1-6St. Luke 2:39-52
For sermons/commentaries based on the Gospel reading: https://goo.gl/v39aHm
Tone of the Day: 1 (5 for alternate days of the week)
Syriac Prayers: https://goo.gl/J7XPNh
Sermon by Dr. Babu Paul sir: https://goo.gl/bL7Sw9
Glorification of the Mother of God (qulose) the Lullabies (nusrotho)
December 26th is the Feast of the Glorification of the Mother of God (Hido d'qulose d'Yoldath Aloho Mariam) or the Praises (nusrotho) for St. Mary according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
On the day after the Church celebrates the Incarnation of our Lord (Yaldo d'Moran), there is a feast in praise of St. Mary the mother of God on December 26th of every year. The Holy Church is glorifying the Theotokos as a token of gratitude for the sufferings, pains & troubles undertaken by her which were essential for the execution of God’s master plan of salvation. The Syriac Church fathers called St. Mary as the "second eve" (hawa d'tharthen). While Eve represented the fall of humanity, St. Mary represents hope for salvation & a return to our original state of creation. Mor Aphrem Suryoyo writes, "Eve who had been the mother of all the living, became a fountain of death. But Mary, the new shoot sprouted from Eve, the old vine, & new life dwelt in her." Mor Yac'ub Srugoyo saw Adam's naming of Eve as prophecy which was fulfilled when Mary gave birth to our Lord.
In St. Luke's Gospel, our Lord said, “My mother & my brethren are these which hear the word of God, & do it." Indeed, St. Mary heard the word of God through the archangel Gabriel's announcement of the incarnation of our Lord, & followed obediently. She humbled herself before God, & thereby was exalted as blessed among women. Therefore, we sing her praises today. May her intercession be with us all.
Evening: St. Luke 2:15-20
Morning: St. Luke 11:23-32
Before Holy Qurbono: Exodus 3:1-10 I Samuel 4:4-8 Ezekiel 44:1-12 Isaiah 8:1-10
Holy Qurbono: Acts 7:30-43 Romans 1:1-12 St. Luke 8:16-21
Sermon based on the Gospel: https://goo.gl/MP1tXq
Syriac prayers: https://goo.gl/W44WK2
St. Joseph the Righteous
Massacre of the Infants (qetlo d-yaludé)
27 December 2021
December 27th is the commemoration of the Massacre of the Infants of Bethlehem (dukhron qetlo d-yaludé d'bethlhem) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
The Holy Church commemorates the martyrdom of the children of Bethlehem & surrounding areas who were mercilessly slaughtered by King Herod as written in Matthew 2:16. He ordered the execution of all the children 2 years & younger, fearing that one of them would be the divine infant that would become the true King as prophesied long ago. These Holy Innocents who were murdered would be the first martyrs.
Additionally, the Gospel passage speaks of the angel's warning given to St. Joseph the Righteous, who is told to take St. Mary & the Christ-child to Egypt to escape King Herod's clutches. Thus beginning the flight into Egypt.
Meditation by Mor Ephrem on The Massacre of the Infants:
The infants who were slain full filled two functions: they were witnesses to the righteous who were slain, and accusers of the murderers. For, if [the latter] had dragged [the Lord] to perdition because he had unhesitatingly said, I am God, why did they kill the innocents before these could become his heralds? A voice was heard in Ramah, Rachel who was weeping for her children. If Bethlehem was [a city] of Judah, the son of Leah, why was Rachel weeping for her children who are not? It was because they no longer existed, that they might be killed for the Messiah. [Rachel was weeping] because the Redeemer would not be born from her children, since Leah was figurehead for the earlier people and Rachel the figurehead of the Church. But the barren one has given birth, and the sons of the widow have become more numerous than those of the married women. Or alternatively, because the tribe of Benjamin was close to the tribe of Judah, for it is written, Rachel died on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. Similarly Moses, when he blessed Benjamin, said of him, He will dwell between his shoulders. The dwelling-place in fact was established in Jerusalem, which is in the inheritance of Benjamin. Samuel too, on anointing Saul as king of Israel, gave him a sign: You will meet three men at Zelzah, near Rachel’s tomb, in the territory of Benjamin.
Saint Ephrem’s Commentary on Tatian’s Diatessaron, Carmel McCarthy, III, 6
May the prayers of the Holy Innocent martyr Infants of Bethlehem be with us all. Amen.
Evening: St. Matthew 2:13-18
Morning: St. Mark 6:1-6
Before Holy Qurbono: Exodus 1:1-22 Jeremiah 31:15-26 Ezekiel 5:5-17 Isaiah 60:8-14
Holy Qurbono: Acts 7:11-29 Romans 15:1-13 St. Matthew 2:13-18
Sermons including homily by St. John Chrysostom: https://goo.gl/YghnDF
Tone of the Day: 8
Syriac prayers: https://goo.gl/uWvh2W
Promiyon Sedro by Fr. George Vayaliparambil (Malayalam courtesy Hymonutho): https://youtu.be/E_ij5YGu6gA
20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia
28 December 2021
Prophet David the King
St. James, first Archbishop of Jerusalem +62 AD
December 28th is the commemoration of the dukhrono of St. James the Just +62AD according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Mor Yac'ub was the first Archbishop of Jerusalem. He is the brother of Jesus by virtue of being born to a previous wife of Joseph. He was called 'James the Just' because he was a righteous man who was steadfast in prayer, frequently found alone in the church, praying on his knees so often that they became hard as camel.
He wrote the general Epistle in his name. Mor Yac'ub formulated the Divine Liturgy known as the Anaphora of St. James. This is the oldest form of worship in the history of Christianity. This form of worship is the 'Holy Qurbono' preserved & handed down through the centuries by the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch.
Persecutors of James demanded a denial of his faith in Jesus Christ in public. He instead affirmed his faith that Christ, our Lord & Saviour, is the Son of God. They threw him down from the top of the church. Even though he survived the fall, he was subsequently beaten to death with a fuller’s club. Thus Mor Yac'ub attained the crown of martyrdom.
St. John of Dara in his 'Commentary on the Eucharist' (quoting Sts. Basil, Epiphanius, & John Chrysostom) states that Christ himself entrusted the Qurobo to James on third day of the week of Pentecost; who then communicated St. John the Apostle who finally communicated St. Mary the mother of God. The Syriac Orthodox Church continues to use a part of the prior Qurobo in preparation of the next lahmo (Eucharist Bread) thereby maintaining the unbroken connection to the Holy Apostles for the last 2000 years.
Mor Yac'ub is commemorated every Sunday in the Thubden d-Qadishe (5th Thubden/Dypthic) of the Syriac Orthodox Church Holy Qurbono; describing him as, “Jacob, the first Archbishop of Jerusalem, the Apostle & martyr”.
Biography adapted from 'Martyrs, Saints and Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox Church'
Oh Mor Yac'ub! Plead for us before God's throne of grace. Amen.
Feast of the Twelve Apostles (Hido D'Trahsar S'hlihe)
29 December 2021
Feast of the Twelve Apostles (Hido D'Trahsar S'hlihe) according to the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
The names of the Holy Apostles along with the how they died and their Feast day in the Syriac Orthodox Church are as follows:
1. St. Peter: Mor Phetros was crucified upside-down. This was at his own request, as he wanted to kiss the feet of his Master, feeling unworthy to share the same death as the Lord. Commemorated on June 29th
2. St. Andrew: Mor Andrayos was bound to an X-shaped cross and left to hang for two days suffering starvation & intense pain until his last breath. Commemorated on November 30
3. St. James the Greater: Mor Yac'ub considered first to be martyred, was executed by the sword of King Herod Agrippa. Commemorated on May 1st
4. St. John: Mor Yuhannon was the only Apostle to not be martyred. He departed for the heavenly abode at the age of 120 in Ephesus. Commemorated on May 8
5. St. Philip: Mor Philipose was crucified upside down at the order of the Emperor. Commemorated on November 14
6. St. Bartholomew: Mor Barthulmai was flayed alive and then crucified upside down by the ruler of Azerbaijan. Commemorated on June 11
7. St. Thomas: Mor Touma died from his injuries after being pierced by a lance while preaching in Mylapore India. Commemorated on New Sunday (had b-shabo hadto/puthu nzhyaar), July 3rd (shifting of relics to Edessa from Mylapore) and December 21 (martyrdom)
8. St. Matthew: Mor Mathai was burnt alive then buried in Antioch. Commemorated on February 24, May 20(The Four Evangelists), August 24, September 21, November 16 (These multiple dates suggest his relics were moved around to various places in history)
9. St. James the lesser: Mor Yac'ub bar Halpphai was crucified while preaching in Egypt. Commemorated on October 23rd
10. St. Jude: Mor Labbaeus was stoned to death either in Yarvada or Ararat. Commemorated on May 10
11. St. Simon: Mor Shem'un was crucified while preaching in Persia. Commemorated on May 10
12. St. Mathias: Mor Mathias was stoned to death by the Jews of Jerusalem. Commemorated on March 4 and August 24
13. St. Paul: Mor Phawlos was beheaded in Rome by order of Emperor Nero. Commemorated on June 29th
To read the full biography of all the Holy Apostles see this book by Very Rev Fr. Mani Rajan Cor-Episcopa: https://goo.gl/XsucYG
Evening: St. Matthew 9:36-10:5
Morning: St. John 21:15-25
Before Holy Qurbono: Genesis 12:1-9 Jeremiah 16:16-21 I Kings 8:1-6 Daniel 1:1-9 Isaiah 43:1-14
Holy Qurbono: Acts 1:12-14 I Corinthians 12:28-13:10 Matthew 20:1-16 St. Luke 6:12-23
Syriac prayers for The Feast of the 12 Apostles (Hido D'Trahsar S'hlihe): https://goo.gl/vGZrxW
This Malayalam hymn from the Qolo of Ramsho (Evening prayers) of Wednesday's Sh'himo (known as sleeba namaskaram in Malankara), is seeking the intercession of the 12 apostles for blessing of the 12 months of the year: https://youtu.be/y_r3zzZNa7s
St. Serapion the Sindonite
St. Theodosius of Jerusalem
Miaphysite Orthodox bishop of Jerusalem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_of_Jerusalem_(died_457)
Abraham the Writer
30 December 2021
Mor Philoxinos Yuhannon +2015
December 30th is the anniversary of the demise of HG Mor Philoxinos Yuhannon +2015. Late HG Mor Philoxinos Yuhannon was the bishop of Malabar Diocese.
John Jacob was born to Elappanal Kuruvulla & Annamma of Pampady Kottayam. He was ordained Quroyo by Mor Philoxinos Paulose (later the late Catholicos HB Mor Baselius Paulose II) & then priest by late Mor Baselius Augen I. As a priest he was called to USA by late HE Mor Athanasius Yeshu Samuel. While there, he was instrumental in establishing Malankara Jacobite churches in Staten Island, Manhattan, Philadelphia, Chicago, Dallas, Houston & Augusta. Despite the hectic schedule, he also took up higher studies earning a S.T.M from New York Theological Seminary, T.H.D from Logos Graduate School of Theology, New York, D.D from Orlando International Seminary, Florida & C.P.E (Clinical Pastoral Education) from New York. Fr. John later returned to India & was elevated as a Raban by late HG Mor Timotheos Yac'ub.
On 12th September 1985 he was consecrated as Metropolitan by late Catholicos HB Mor Baselius Paulose II with the title Philoxinos at St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Meenangadi. Mor Philoxinos took over the charge of Malabar Diocese. He was instrumental in the overall development of the diocese for the 2.5 decades he was Metropolitan. Mor Philoxinos took initiatives in establishing Mor Elias Orphanage-Snehabhavan, Old-age home-Karunabhavan, St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s Higher Secondary School, & St. Gregorius B.Ed. College at Meenangadi. He was also essential in solving the disputes with the schismatics in an amicable way. Many new new churches were also constructed throughout the diocese. A lot of them were built in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, in Kozhikode & Malappuram. Mor Philoxinos also served the Church in various capacities including Metropolitan Trustee of the Syrian Orthodox Church, Secretary of the regional Holy Synod, President of the Morth Mariam Vanitha Samajam & Patron of St. Paul’s Mission, to mention a few.
In 2009, due to his ailing health & ongoing medical treatment, he requested the Patriarch of Antioch & the Malankara Synod to relinquish him from his duties. He would lead his life of retirement at Meenangadi, while still remaining ardent in prayer. Mor Philoxinos passed away on December 30th 2015. His last rites were led by the Catholicos HB Mor Baselius Thomas I along with the Patriarchal Delegate & the Metropolitans of the Malankara Church. In accordance with his wishes, Mor Philoxinos Yuhannon was buried in St. Mary's Simhasana Cathedral, Pampady.
Sergius of Zuqnin
monk at the monastery of Zuqnin
St. Anysia of Salonika
Martyr from Thessalonica
St. Marcellus the Martyr
of Nicomedia?
Christians of Najran, Arethas, and the women and children with them +523
31 December 2021
Arethas or Aretas (Arabic: الحارث "al-Ḥārith") was the leader of the Christian community of Najran in the early 6th century, was executed during the persecution of Christians by the Jewish king Dhu Nuwas in 523.
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